The first scientifically evaluated stop smoking drug treatment nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) was conceptualized in 1967. Then the Stop smoking drug was developed in Sweden during the 1970s.
Two physicians at the University of Lund, Stefan Lichtneckert and Claes Lundgren, approached the nearby pharmaceutical company AB Leo with the idea of using nicotine for smoking cessation after they had observed crew members in a submarine use smokeless tobacco.
They tried several forms for stop smoking drug (including aerosol). The researchers chose gum, mainly for safety reasons.
Around 1973 Professor Michael Russell at the Department of Psychiatry at Denmark Hill in London became interested in the idea of using nicotine as smoking cessation drug after having used behavioral methods without much success.
Murray Jarvik and Nina Schneider were the first researchers to experiment with nicotine gum in the United States.
Nicotine gum was first approved in Switzerland as quit smoking medication in 1978. In a U.S. regulatory agency advisory committee meeting in 1983, there was a lot of controversy surrounding the gum’s possible approval.
Nicotine Nasal Spray
As a gum could not deliver nicotine with the same speed and to the same extent that a cigarette could. In 1979 there was investigated the absorption of nicotine through the nose. In the United States nicotine nasal spray and nicotine inhalers are available by prescription.
The Nicotine Patch
Very soon it became clear that not every cigarette smoker could or liked to chew gum. Additionally many of them experienced side effects like irritation in the oral cavity and some indigestion. This led to underdosing and thoughts on how to remedy the problem.
In 1984 in University of California Los Angeles began experiments with nicotine given transdermally (through the skin). They applied for a patent for transdermal delivery of nicotine, which was later approved as quit smoking medication.
The nicotine patch releases a constant amount of nicotine in the body; the nicotine dissolves through the skin and enters the body, thus providing relief from some of the withdrawal symptoms people experience when they quit smoking.
Today there are a lot of quit smoking medications on the market which differ by effects. Nicotine-delivery medications offer as patches, gum, lozenges, inhalers and sprays.
Also now available stop smoking drugs like Zyban or Chantix which does not provide nicotine to the body.
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